It was also in direct conflict with the dominant Catholic and scholastic doctrines of the time concerning politics and ethics. In contrast to Plato and Aristotle, Machiavelli insisted that an imaginary ideal society is not a model by which a prince should orient himself. During the first generations after Machiavelli, his main influence was in non-Republican governments.
A copy was also possessed by the Catholic king and emperor Charles V. Modern materialist philosophy developed in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries, starting in the generations after Machiavelli. Scholars have argued that Machiavelli was a major indirect and direct influence upon the political thinking of the Founding Fathers of the United States due to his overwhelming favoritism of republicanism and the republic type of government.
Xenophon Xenophon is mentioned only once in The Prince P Savonarola There is no comprehensive monograph on Machiavelli and Savonarola. Contemporary Interpretations The main aim of this article is to help readers find a foothold in the primary literature. References and Further Reading Below are listed some of the more well-known works in the scholarship, as well as some that the author has found profitable but which are perhaps not as well-known.
The Art of War , ed. Christopher Lynch. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, Rome: Salerno Editrice, The Chief Works and Others. Three volumes, trans. Allan Gilbert. Durham: Duke University Press, []. Clizia , trans. Daniel T. Long Grove: Waveland Press, The Comedies of Machiavelli , ed.
David Sices and James B. Indianapolis: Hackett, []. Discourses on Livy , trans. Mansfield and Nathan Tarcov.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press, []. Discorsi sopra la prima deca di Tito Livio , ed. Giorgio Inglese. Milano: Bur Rizzoli, Digitized Florentine Histories , trans.
Laura F. Banfield and Harvey C. Princeton: Princeton University Press, Machiavelli and Friends: Their Personal Correspondence , ed. James B. Atkinson and David Sices. Mandragola , trans. Mera J. The Prince with Related Documents , trans.
William J. The Prince , second edition, trans. Il Principe , ed. Torino: Giulio Einaudi, Tutte le opere. Florence: Sansoni, Secondary Sources Abensour, Miguel. Cambridge: Polity Press, []. Alberti, Leon Battista. On Painting. New Haven: Yale University Press, []. Althusser, Louis. Arendt, Hannah.
The Human Condition , second edition. John M. Najemy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Ascoli, Albert Russell, and Victoria Kahn, eds. Machiavelli and the Discourse of Literature. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, Atkinson, James B. Baron, Hans. In Search of Florentine Civic Humanism. The Crisis of the Early Italian Renaissance.
Benner, Erica. New York: W. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, b. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Berlin, Isaiah. Oxford: Oxford University Press, []. Biasiori, Lucio, and Giuseppe Marcocci, eds. London: Palgrave Macmillan, Blanchard, Kenneth C. Black, Robert. London: Routledge, Edited by John M.
Machiavelli and Republicanism. Brown, Alison. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, a. The Return of Lucretius to Renaissance Florence. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, b.
Burke, Peter. The European Renaissance: Centres and Peripheries. Oxford: Blackwell, Butters, Humfrey. Cabrini, Anna Maria. Cassirer, Ernst. The Individual and the Cosmos in Renaissance Philosophy. Celenza, Christopher S. Machiavelli: A Portrait. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, Cesati, Franco. The Medici. Florence: Mandragora, Chabod, Federico. Machiavelli and the Renaissance , trans.
David Moore. London: Bowes and Bowes, Chiappelli, Fredi. Nuovi Studi sul Linguaggio del Machiavelli. Florence: Le Monnier, Studi sul Linguaggio del Machiavelli. Clarke, Michelle Tolman. Coby, Patrick. Lanham: Lexington Books, Colish, Marcia L. Connell, William J. Cox, Virginia. Croce, Benedetto. Elementi di Politica. Bari: Laterza, De Alvarez, Leo Paul.
De Grazia, Sebastian. Machiavelli in Hell. Dietz, Mary. Duff, Alexander S. Falco, Maria J. Feminist Interpretations of Machiavelli. Ficino, Marsilio. On Dionysius the Areopagite Volume 1 , ed.
Michael J. Commentaries on Plato, Volume 2, Part 1 , ed. Maude Vanhaelen. Commentaries on Plato, Volume 1 , ed. Platonic Theology, Volume 1 , ed. James Hankins and William Bowen and trans. Forde, Steven. Foster, Michael. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, Fuller, Timothy, ed. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, Gilbert, Allan H.
Durham: Duke University Press, Gilbert, Felix. History, Choice, and Commitment. Cambridge: The Belknap Press, Gramsci, Antonio. Note sul Machiavelli, sulla politica e sullo stato moderno. Torino: Einaudi, Hankins, James, ed. Renaissance Civic Humanism: Reappraisals and Reflections. Hankins, James. Machiavelli and Empire. Hulliung, Mark.
Citizen Machiavelli. Jurdjevic, Mark. Kahn, Victoria. Kallendorf, Craig W. Humanist Educational Treatises. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, []. Kristeller, Paul Oskar. Renaissance Thought and Its Sources , ed. Michael Mooney. New York: Columbia University Press, New York: Harper and Row, Landon, William J. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, Langton, John, and Mary Dietz.
Lukes, Timothy J. Lynch, Christopher. Lefort, Claude. Machiavelli in the Making , trans. Michael B. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, Major, Rafael. Mansfield, Harvey C.
Timothy Fuller, Martinez, Ronald L. Masters, Roger D. New York: Free Press, Machiavelli, Leonardo, and the Science of Power. McCormick, John P. Machiavellian Democracy. Nadon, Christopher. Berkeley: University of California Press, Najemy, John A. Najemy, John M. Nederman, Cary J. London: Oneworld, Newell, Waller R. Tyranny: A New Interpretation. Lucretius and the Early Modern.
Orwin, Clifford. Palmer, Ada. Reading Lucretius in the Renaissance. Palmer, Michael. Parel, Anthony J. The Machiavellian Cosmos. New Haven: Yale University Press, Parsons, William B.
Rochester: University of Rochester Press, Patapan, Haig. Pesman, Roslyn. Pitkin, Hanna Fenichel. Pocock, J. Prezzolini, Giuseppe. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, Ruffo-Fiore, Silvia. New York: Greenwood Press, Rahe, Paul A. Rebhorn, Wayne A. Ridolfi, Roberto. Cecil Grayson. Sasso, Gennaro. Bologna: Il Mulino, Machiavelli e gli antichi e altri saggi. Milan: Ricciardi, Studi su Machiavelli. Naples: Morano, Savonarola, Girolamo. Apologetic Writings , ed.
Trattato sul Governo di Firenze. Florence: Franco Cesati Editore, Anne Borelli and Maria Pastore Passoro. Prison Meditations on Psalms 51 and 31 , ed. John Patrick Donnelly. Milwaukee, Marquette Press, []. The Triumph of the Cross. London: Sands and Co.
Saxonhouse, Arlene W. Scott, John T. Skinner, Quentin. New York: Sterling Publishing, []. The Renaissance , vol. Slade, Francis. Holger Zaborowski, Washington, D. Spackman, Barbara. Strauss, Leo. Machiavelli used his power to procure commissions for Leonardo and even appointed him Florence's military engineer between and As expected, Leonardo came up with a revolutionary plan. But the plan failed. The dam system ended up interrupting Florence's own agriculture, and so the government terminated the project.
Leonardo left his post after only eight months. Although The Prince openly encouraged politicians to take and offer bribes, cheat, threaten, and even kill if necessary, Machiavelli knew that even rulers had to obey some sense of justice, Benner wrote in The Guardian. He recognized that the race for power comes with very few scruples, but he also recognized that without respect for justice, society falls into chaos. Shakespeare called villains Machiavels. The Prince was banned by the pope.
Though released in book form posthumously in , The Prince was first published as a pamphlet in In it, Machiavelli outlined his vision of an ideal leader: an amoral, calculating tyrant for whom the end justifies the means. Machiavelli was never truly welcomed back into politics, and when the Florentine Republic was reestablished in , Machiavelli was an object of great suspicion. He died later that year, embittered and shut out from the Florentine society to which he had devoted his life.
Though Machiavelli has long been associated with the practice of diabolical expediency in the realm of politics that was made famous in The Prince , his actual views were not so extreme. In fact, in such longer and more detailed writings as Discourses on the First Ten Books of Livy and History of Florence , he shows himself to be a more principled political moralist. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! The Supreme Court issues a momentous ruling that clarified the way that the American legal system handled charges of discrimination.
In Hernandez v. Texas, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment applied to all racial and ethnic groups facing On May 3, , less than two weeks before her fourth birthday, Madeleine McCann of Rothley, England, vanishes during a family vacation at a resort in southern Portugal.
In May , the
0コメント