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Find a Pediatrician. Text Size. Page Content. Find out how important you and your child's immunisation is to the most vulnerable members in our community. Immunisation against chickenpox can protect your child from getting chickenpox and from the possible serious complications of chickenpox. Being immunised from an early age helps protect your child against serious childhood infections. Diphtheria is a serious bacterial disease that causes severe inflammation of the nose, throat and windpipe.
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The State of Victoria and the Department of Health shall not bear any liability for reliance by any user on the materials contained on this website. Skip to main content. Home Immunisation. Rotavirus — immunisation. Actions for this page Listen Print. Summary Read the full fact sheet. On this page. They start within 20 minutes. Sometimes can occur up to 2 hours after the shot.
Vaccine health workers know how to treat these reactions. Caution: do NOT give your baby any fever medicine before being seen. Bellevue Everett Federal Way Seattle.
Should your child see a doctor? All Symptoms. Health Education To Villages. Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding. Breast Crawl. Guide to Child Care Follow Us. The international newsletter on the control of diarrhoeal diseases. There is much information in this issue that is valuable and useful.
Online readers are reminded, however, that treatment guidelines and health care practices change over time. Six preventable childhood diseases for which vaccines are widely available are measles, pertussis whooping cough tetanus, polio diphtheria and tuberculosis. Of these measles is the most clearly related to diarrhoea. Diarrhoea often follows an episode of measles, and the combination of the two illnesses can be fatal.
It is estimated that up to 26 per cent of diarrhoea-associated mortality could be prevented by measles vaccination 1. Pneumonia malnutrition and shigella dysentery are complications associated with measles. Preventing measles could also reduce the incidence of malnutrition and vitamin A deficiency both of which are associated with serious attacks of diarrhoea.
What is immunisation? Immunisation is the giving of a vaccine or vaccines to stimulate the body to create immunity against specific diseases. Immunity is the body's ability to protect itself against the bacteria and viruses which cause disease. Why immunise? Every year in developing countries million episodes of illness occur which could be prevented by immunisation. As a result 3. Immunisation can reduce mortality and morbidity from common childhood diseases. Children with these illnesses are also more likely to develop other infections such as diarrhoea as their resistance and ability to fight off infection is reduced.
Widespread use of vaccines in the developed world is a major factor in the reduced mortality and morbidity from these six diseases and associated illnesses. Immunisation is a more effective way of using scarce resources than treating diseases after they occur.
The six major childhood immunisations Measles Measles vaccine is made from live measles virus which has been weakened or attenuated and is given subcutaneously in one dose. The infection provides long lasting protection against measles. Diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus DPT vaccine combines diphtheria pertussis whooping cough , and tetanus immunisations in one injection. The injection is given intramuscularly in three doses four weeks or more apart and protects for at least ten years against the three diseases.
Common side effects to the injection include fever and redness and swelling at the injection site. Polio The oral polio vaccine contains the weakened viruses of the three types that cause polio.
It usually provides permanent protection against this crippling disease and is given in three doses 4 weeks or more apart usually at the same time as DPT. In countries where polio remains endemic if possible, a child should receive an additional polio vaccination at birth. Studies concerning efficacy of the BCG vaccine have produced conflicting reports.
Most people agree that it gives good protection against the lethal forms of childhood TB. An ulcer forms at the injection site and heals without treatment, forming a scar. Feachem and M. Koblinsky: Interventions for the control of diarrhoeal diseases among young children: measles immunisation. Bulletin WHO 61,, Recognising the serious problem of infectious childhood diseases, and the benefits of immunisation, WHO set up the Expanded Programme on Immunisation EPI with the goal of making immunisation services available to all the world's children by UNICEF also provides vaccines, supplies and equipment, and supports national programmes through social mobilisation efforts.
EPI helps national immunisation programmes by providing training, vaccines, equipment, and technical backup. It also supports programme evaluation and field testing of improved equipment and methods. It is now hoped that the majority of children will be fully immunised within the next few years.
What factors contribute to successful national immunisation programmes? Successful immunisation programmes depend on commitment at all levels. Who should be immunised and at what age? Infants and children All children should be immunised against the preventable childhood diseases.
Following the ideal schedule, each child should be fully immunised by the age of nine months, or soon after, because infants are at greater risk from these diseases. Many countries try to immunise all children under five years of age who may be at risk.
Women Neonatal tetanus is prevented for several years by immunising women of child-bearing age with at least two doses of tetanus toxoid. After five doses of tetanus toxoid all children born subsequently are protected from neonatal tetanus.
A woman who received three doses of DPT as a child will greatly increase her infants' protection by two boosters ideally before or during early pregnancy when she is ready to bear children.
Hygienic cord treatment can also prevent neonatal tetanus but is not as effective as complete immunisation of the mother. A schedule recommended by WHO to assure protection at an early age is as follows:. Once begun, a series of immunisations must be completed to be effective.
Even if the time between immunisations is longer than recommended, the next dose in the polio and DPT series is given; there is no need to start from the beginning again. Only a completed series of immunisations adequately protects a child. In remote areas, and places where for other reasons it is not possible to do this, schedules such as the one below, and mass immunisation days have been used. All children months old DPT 2 -IPV 2 , measles In remote areas the average age of contracting measles is delayed to the second and third years of life and later vaccination is still effective.
Semi-annual single day 'pulse' campaigns as used in Brazil Age Vaccine Reason All children months old OPV up to 10 doses After regular vaccination with OPV vaccine, the vaccine virus replaces the naturally occurring disease-causing virus in the environment. All children months old measles up to 2 doses Giving a second dose of measles vaccine increases effective coverage. Organisation Vaccine schedules have to suit the circumstances in particular countries. Ideally, most developing countries should follow the WHO recommended schedule of five contacts but this requires an effective health infrastructure to which all people have access.
Mass campaigns, with immunisation days, can successfully increase awareness about immunisation and vaccinate large numbers of children. However, only when health systems are developed to ensure regular vaccination of all newly born children every year, will full coverage be achieved. Reaction to immunisation After immunisation some children develop mild reactions, such as fever, or a swollen area around the injection site.
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