There is no restriction on the span of the hollow core slab units, and their standard width is mm and depth ranges from mm to mm. The slab units are commonly installed between beams using cranes and the gaps between units are filled with screeds. It has been observed that, hollow core slab can support 2. It is suitable for offices, retail or car park developments. It is constructed using hardy bricks which significantly decline the amount of concrete and eventually the slab's self-weight.
The thickness of hardy slab is commonly greater than conventional slab and around mm. The construction of hardy slab involves formwork installation, hardy block placement, placement of reinforcement into gaps between blocks, placement of steel mesh on the blocks, and finally pouring of concrete. It is economical for spans of length up to 5m, and it reduces the quantity of concrete below neutral axis, and moderate live loads shall be imposed.
It is constructed at locations where the temperatures are very high. The application of this type of slab can be seen in Dubai and China. It is constructed by placing plastic bubbles which are prefabricated and the reinforcement is then placed between and over plastic bubbles and finally, fresh concrete is poured.
The plastic bubbles replace the ineffective concrete at the center of the slab. Bubble Deck slabs reduce weight, increase strength, larger spans can be provided, fewer columns needed, no beams or ribs under the ceiling are required. Consequently, not only does it decline the total cost of construction but it is also environmentally friendly since it reduces the amount of concrete. Commonly, it is constructed from reinforced concrete cast on top of profiled steel decking.
The decking acts as formwork and working area during the construction phase, and it also acts as external reinforcement during service life of the slab. For a steel decking of thickness between mm, the span of the slab can reach up to 3m. However, if the steel decking thickness is increased up to 80mm, slabs with span of 4. Precast concrete slabs are cast and cured in manufacturing plants, and then delivered to the construction site to be erected.
The most outstanding advantage of the preparation of slabs in manufacturing plants is the increase in efficiency and higher quality control which may not be achieved on site. The most commonly used precast slabs are the channel and double-T types. They can be used for spans up to 15m. The double-T slabs vary in sizes and spans up to 15m have been used.
The tongue-and-groove panel could vary in size based on the design requirement. When they are placed, the tongue of one panel is placed inside the groove of adjacent panel. The slab which is cast on the surface of the earth is called a Ground slab. Generally, slab on grade is classified into three types:. It is the simplest type of slab on grade which is a composite of stiffening beams constructed from concrete around perimeter of the slab, and has a slab thickness of mm.
It is suitable for stable ground which is mostly composed of sand and rock and not influenced by moisture, and soils that undergo slight movement due to moisture. It is similar to slab on ground apart from stiffening beams which are set in channels through the middle of the slab. Consequently, it creates a kind of supporting grid of concrete on the base of the slab. Soil with moderate, high amount, and severe movement due to moisture.
It is constructed entirely above the ground by pouring concrete over a grid of polystyrene blocks known as 'void forms'. These types of slabs are suitable only for very flat ground.
The major types of concrete slabs used in construction are one-way joist slab, flat slab, flat plate, waffle slab, hollow core slab, precast slab, slabs on grade, hardy slab, and composite slab.
It can be waffle raft slab, stiffened raft slab or slab on ground type. Consequently, not only does it decline the total cost of construction, but it is also environmentally friendly since it reduces the amount of concrete. First, the footing is placed. Second, the walls are constructed and poured. Lastly, the slab is placed. Slab-on-grade foundation. Slab-on-grade foundation As the name suggests, a slab is a single layer of concrete, several inches thick.
The edges of the slab-on-grade are thicker than the interior of the slab. The slab-on-grade is monolithic poured all at one time. Frost Protected. Frost Protected This method only works with a heated structure. In summary: Only works with a heated structure. Has the benefits of a the slab-on-grade method concrete poured monolithically in areas subject to frost. A tricky element to add when pouring concrete stairs is the nose of the stair.
Usually about 1 inch, the nose protrudes from the edge of the stair, forming a lip, and is an optional addition. To form stairs from concrete, a dry mix is prepared, then poured into a wooden frame. For outdoor stairs, or for a staircase exceeding five stairs, it may be best to have ready-mix concrete delivered to the location and professionally poured into the forms.
Taking on a DIY project like this is extremely risky and can result in tons of wasted money, time, Read more. Although it may be tempting to roll up your sleeves, mix up some DIY concrete, and tackle a project yourself to save money, you will likely spend most of your time preparing for the project.
Read more. Main St. Jennings, LA Phone: ROCK Fax: Types of Concrete Used in Residential Projects. Next Previous.
Garage Floors and Interior Floors The 4-inch pour of a standard slab is recommended for both garage floors and interior floors. Indoor and Outdoor Countertops ConcreteCountertops. Indoor and Outdoor Stairs This online calculator helps with figuring the rise, run ,and width of stairs. Concrete types , DIY , Residential projects.
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